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FAQs - Duty of Candour for Healthcare Professionals | New Zealand CPD Course

Duty of Candour for Healthcare Professionals

Course Description

Openness, honesty, and transparency are fundamental expectations of healthcare professionals in New Zealand. When something goes wrong in healthcare, patients and whānau expect clear explanations, timely communication, and genuine apologies. A failure to be open can seriously undermine trust and frequently leads to complaints, investigations, and fitness to practise concerns—even when the original clinical issue was minor.

This course provides a comprehensive, practical, and regulator-aligned guide to the Duty of Candour in healthcare practice in New Zealand. It focuses on recognising notifiable events, communicating openly with patients and whānau, apologising appropriately, documenting disclosures, and responding professionally when concerns arise. Particular attention is given to how openness, insight, and remediation influence employer and regulatory outcomes.

The course is suitable for all healthcare professionals in New Zealand, including doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, dentists, allied health professionals, and all practitioners regulated under the HPCA framework. It is especially valuable for professionals facing complaints, investigations, competence reviews, or fitness to practise processes.

Frequently Asked Questions

This course provides a comprehensive, practical, and regulator-aligned guide to the Duty of Candour in healthcare practice in New Zealand. It focuses on recognising notifiable events, communicating openly with patients and whānau, apologising appropriately, documenting disclosures, and responding professionally when concerns arise.
Openness, honesty, and transparency are fundamental expectations of healthcare professionals in New Zealand. When something goes wrong, patients and whānau expect clear explanations, timely communication, and genuine apologies. A failure to be open can seriously undermine trust and lead to complaints, investigations, and fitness-to-practise concerns.
The course is suitable for all healthcare professionals in New Zealand, including doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, dentists, allied health professionals, and all practitioners regulated under the HPCA framework.
It is especially valuable for professionals facing complaints, investigations, competence reviews, or fitness-to-practise processes where openness and candour are being scrutinised by employers or regulators.
The course covers recognising notifiable events, communicating openly with patients and whānau, apologising appropriately, documenting disclosures, and responding professionally when concerns arise in everyday clinical practice.
Yes, a failure to be open can seriously undermine trust and frequently leads to complaints, investigations, and fitness-to-practise concerns — even when the original clinical issue was minor. How a professional responds is often more important than the incident itself.
Yes, apologising appropriately is a key focus alongside recognising notifiable events, communicating openly with patients and whānau, documenting disclosures, and responding professionally. The course explains what makes an apology meaningful and effective.
Particular attention is given to how openness, insight, and remediation influence employer and regulatory outcomes. The course explains what regulators look for and how candour affects the outcome of complaints and investigations.
Yes, documenting disclosures is a key practical area covered alongside recognising notifiable events, communication, apologies, and professional responses to concerns. Good documentation is essential for evidencing candour.
Yes, communicating openly with patients and whānau is a core focus of the course, reflecting the importance of culturally appropriate and family-centred communication in New Zealand healthcare practice.

Course Content

Course Objectives
Course Objectives
Section 1: Introduction to Duty of Candour in New Zealand
1.1 What Is the Duty of Candour?
1.2 Why Duty of Candour Is Central to Safe Healthcare
1.3 Candour, Transparency, and Patient Rights in New Zealand
1.4 Professional Expectations of Candour
1.5 Candour Is About Professional Behaviour, Not Blame
1.6 Individual and System Responsibility
1.7 Why Failures of Candour Escalate Concerns
1.8 The Purpose of This Course
1.9 Reflective Quiz
Section 2: What Duty of Candour Means in Practice
2.1 Duty of Candour as Everyday Professional Behaviour
2.2 Clinical Situations Where Duty of Candour Applies
2.3 Understanding Harm From the Patient’s Perspective
2.4 Individual Responsibility Within Team and System-Based Care
2.5 Timing of Candour: Acting Early and Appropriately
2.6 What Candour Requires You to Communicate
2.7 What Duty of Candour Does Not Require
2.8 Apologies and Professional Accountability
2.9 Candour and Professional Standards in New Zealand
2.10 Duty of Candour as an Ongoing Process
2.11 Reflective Quiz
Section 3: When Things Go Wrong – Adverse Events and Harm
3.1 Understanding What “Things Going Wrong” Means in Healthcare
3.2 Defining Adverse Events in Practice
3.3 Harm Is Not Limited to Physical Injury
3.4 Unexpected Outcomes Without Error
3.5 Near Misses and Potential Harm
3.6 The Role of Systems, Teams, and Context
3.7 Why Patients and Whānau Want Disclosure
3.8 Emotional Impact on Healthcare Professionals
3.9 Regulatory Perspective on Adverse Events
3.10 Linking Adverse Events to Duty of Candour
3.11 Reflective Quiz
Section 4: Open Disclosure and Communication With Patients and Whānau
4.1 What Open Disclosure Means in New Zealand Healthcare
4.2 Preparing for an Open Disclosure Conversation
4.3 Conducting the Initial Disclosure Conversation
4.4 Acknowledging Harm, Distress, and Impact
4.5 Managing Uncertainty During Disclosure
4.6 Involving Whānau and Cultural Considerations
4.7 Consistency Across the Healthcare Team
4.8 Regulatory Expectations Around Open Disclosure
4.9 When Disclosure Is Difficult or Challenged
4.10 Open Disclosure as Trust-Preserving Practice
4.11 Reflective Quiz
Section 5: Apologies, Responsibility, and Professional Accountability
5.1 Why Apologies Matter in Healthcare Practice
5.2 Understanding What an Apology Is — and Is Not
5.3 What Makes an Apology Effective
5.4 Apologies in Situations Without Clear Error
5.5 Responsibility in Complex Healthcare Systems
5.6 Saying Sorry on Behalf of the Organisation
5.7 Accountability Without Self-Blame
5.8 How Regulators View Apologies and Accountability
5.9 Apologies, Complaints, and Escalation
5.10 Apologies as Part of Professional Integrity
5.11 Reflective Quiz
Section 6: Documentation and Evidence of Candour
6.1 Why Documentation Is Central to Duty of Candour
6.2 What Should Be Documented After an Adverse Event
6.3 Recording Disclosure Conversations
6.4 Documenting Apologies and Expressions of Regret
6.5 Objectivity, Tone, and Language in Records
6.6 Timing of Documentation
6.7 Retrospective Amendments and Corrections
6.8 Electronic Records, Emails, and Informal Communication
6.9 Consistency Across Documentation and Statements
6.10 Regulatory Expectations Around Documentation
6.11 Documentation as Protection, Not Punishment
6.12 Reflective Quiz
Section 7: Common Pitfalls, Complaints, and Investigations
7.1 Why Failures of Candour Commonly Lead to Complaints
7.2 Delayed or Partial Disclosure
7.3 Defensive or Legalistic Communication
7.4 Inconsistent Explanations and Mixed Messages
7.5 Poor or Absent Documentation of Candour
7.6 Minimising Harm or Patient Experience
7.7 Complaints Progressing to Formal Investigations
7.8 How Employers and Organisations Investigate Candour
7.9 Regulatory Perspective on Candour Failures
7.10 Learning From Complaints and Investigations
7.11 Behaviours That Reduce Escalation Risk
7.12 Reflective Quiz
Section 8: Regulatory Expectations and Fitness to Practise
8.1 How Duty of Candour Is Viewed by Regulators in New Zealand
8.2 When Candour Concerns Escalate to Regulatory Level
8.3 What “Fitness to Practise” Means in Candour Cases
8.4 How Regulators Assess Candour in Practice
8.5 Insight as a Central Regulatory Consideration
8.6 Professional Behaviour During Regulatory Processes
8.7 Candour Failures as Stand-Alone Professional Concerns
8.8 Possible Regulatory Outcomes in Candour Cases
8.9 The Importance of Early Engagement and Remediation
8.10 Candour and Public Confidence
8.11 Reflective Quiz
Section 9: Reflection, Insight, and Remediation After Candour Failures
9.1 Why Reflection Is Essential After a Candour Concern
9.2 What Regulators Mean by “Insight”
9.3 Reflecting on Why Candour Failed
9.4 Reflecting on Patient and Whānau Impact
9.5 Reflecting on Professional Standards and Expectations
9.6 From Reflection to Remediation
9.7 Examples of Effective Remediation After Candour Failures
9.8 Demonstrating Remediation to Employers and Regulators
9.9 Timing and Proactivity in Remediation
9.10 Rebuilding Trust After Candour Failures
9.11 Reflection and Remediation as Ongoing Skills
9.12 Reflective Quiz
Section 10: Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Post-Course Assessment
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