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Duty of Candour for Healthcare Professionals

Course Description

Duty of Candour for Healthcare Professionals is a comprehensive CPD course designed for doctors, dentists, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and allied health professionals practising in the United Kingdom.

The duty of candour requires healthcare professionals to be open, honest, and transparent when something goes wrong with patient care. This includes acknowledging errors, explaining what has happened, offering an apology, and taking steps to prevent recurrence.

Failures in candour are a common feature in complaints and fitness-to-practise proceedings. Concerns often arise not from the original error, but from delayed disclosure, defensive communication, or lack of transparency.

This course provides regulator-aware guidance on communicating after adverse events, delivering apologies appropriately, balancing honesty with sensitivity, and documenting candour discussions. It equips professionals with structured approaches to maintain trust and reduce regulatory risk.

Course Content

Course Objectives
Course Objectives
Section 1: Foundations of the Duty of Candour
1.1 What Is the Duty of Candour?
1.2 Ethical Principles Underpinning Candour
1.3 Trust, Transparency, and Professional Integrity
1.4 Candour vs Defensive Practice
1.5 Regulator Expectations in the UK
1.6 Candour as a Professional Skill
1.7 Reflective Quiz
Section 2: When the Duty of Candour Applies
2.1 Adverse Events and Patient Harm
2.2 Near Misses and Unexpected Outcomes
2.3 Clinical Error vs System Error
2.4 Recognising Trigger Points for Disclosure
2.5 Timing of Disclosure
2.6 Responding to Uncertainty
2.7 Avoiding Delayed or Selective Disclosure
2.8 Reflective Quiz
Section 3: Communicating After Things Go Wrong
3.1 Initial Disclosure to Patients
3.2 Explaining What Is Known
3.3 Managing Uncertainty
3.4 Structuring the Conversation
3.5 Tone and Empathy
3.6 Avoiding Defensive Communication
3.7 Ongoing Communication and Follow-Up
3.8 Reflective Quiz
Section 4: Apology and Accountability
4.1 What Makes an Effective Apology
4.2 Apology vs Admission of Liability
4.3 Avoiding Defensive Language
4.4 Demonstrating Accountability
4.5 Balancing Explanation and Responsibility
4.6 Maintaining Professional Integrity
4.7 Emotional Awareness in Apology
4.8 Reflective Quiz
Section 5: Candour in Team and Organisational Contexts
5.1 Communicating with Colleagues
5.2 Incident Reporting and Escalation
5.3 Organisational Responsibilities
5.4 Learning Culture vs Blame Culture
5.5 Supporting Colleagues
5.6 Escalating Concerns About Others
5.7 Maintaining Professional Integrity Within Systems
5.8 Reflective Quiz
Section 6: Documentation and Record Keeping
6.1 Recording Candour Discussions
6.2 Transparency in Clinical Records
6.3 Avoiding Retrospective Alteration of Records
6.4 Maintaining Professional Credibility Through Records
6.5 Balancing Detail and Clarity
6.6 Documentation in Difficult Situations
6.7 Avoiding Defensive Documentation
6.8 Reflective Quiz
Section 7: Regulatory Perspective on Candour
7.1 Candour in Fitness-to-Practise Cases
7.2 Insight and Candour
7.3 Remediation in Candour-Related Cases
7.4 Aggravating Factors in Candour Cases
7.5 Mitigating Factors
7.6 Public Confidence and Professional Standards
7.7 The Tribunal Perspective
7.8 Reflective Quiz
Section 8: Sustaining a Culture of Openness
8.1 Ethical Practice in Daily Work
8.2 Emotional Barriers to Candour
8.3 Reflective Practice and Learning
8.4 Preventing Future Concerns
8.5 Role of Leadership and Team Culture
8.6 Sustaining Professional Integrity
8.7 Long-Term Professional Resilience
8.8 Reflective Quiz
Section 9: Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
Post-Course Assessment
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