{"id":31580,"date":"2026-07-24T23:12:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T23:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/?page_id=31580"},"modified":"2026-07-25T01:02:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T01:02:06","slug":"what-happens-during-a-cphm-investigation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/what-happens-during-a-cphm-investigation\/","title":{"rendered":"What happens during a CPhM investigation?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"31580\" class=\"elementor elementor-31580\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c201c41 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c201c41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a539a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0a539a5\" 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var(--line);border-radius:8px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted)}\r\n@media(max-width:600px){.hec-canart{font-size:16px;padding:8px 16px 40px}.hec-canart h1{font-size:30px}.hec-canart h2{font-size:23px}.hec-canart .lede{font-size:18px}}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<article class=\"hec-canart\">\r\n\r\n  <nav class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/knowledge-support\/\">Knowledge &amp; Support<\/a><span>\/<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/knowledge-support\/pharmacists\/manitoba\/\">Pharmacists &mdash; Manitoba<\/a><span>\/<\/span>What happens during a CPhM investigation?<\/nav>\r\n\r\n  <p class=\"eyebrow\">Manitoba &middot; College of Pharmacists of Manitoba<\/p>\r\n  <h1>What happens during a CPhM investigation?<\/h1>\r\n  <div class=\"meta\"><b>9 min read<\/b><span>Last updated July 14, 2026<\/span><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <p class=\"lede\">A CPhM investigation is directed by the Complaints Committee and carried out by an investigator who gathers records and a statement from you. If the matter is referred onward, the <strong>Discipline Committee<\/strong> holds a formal hearing &mdash; and Manitoba pharmacy discipline can carry penalties into the hundreds of thousands of dollars.<\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"callout\"><b>Do this first: get advice before you give the investigator a statement.<\/b> Co-operate and produce complete records, but take advice on how you answer &mdash; what you say becomes evidence. Keep your lawyer copied on all CPhM contact, and start building your remediation now, because the Committee weighs your accountability when it decides.<\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2>First: the CPhM is not an RHPA college<\/h2>\r\n  <p>Unlike Manitoba&rsquo;s doctors and nurses, pharmacists are not yet regulated under The Regulated Health Professions Act. CPhM regulates under <strong>The Pharmaceutical Act (C.C.S.M. c. P60)<\/strong> and the Pharmaceutical Regulation, which have their own committees, language and deadlines. CPhM regulates <strong>pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, interns, students, pharmacies and pharmacy owners<\/strong>. (A move to bring pharmacy under the RHPA is in planning, but the Pharmaceutical Act governs today.) Everything below is CPhM&rsquo;s process.<\/p>\r\n  <h2>How an investigation starts<\/h2>\r\n  <p>Where the Complaints Committee decides a matter needs more than the paper record, it <strong>orders an investigation<\/strong> and a <strong>CPhM investigator<\/strong> is assigned. The investigator will contact you to <strong>gather a statement<\/strong> and any additional information, and will collect the dispensing records, the patient profile, pharmacy documentation and, where relevant, findings from a pharmacy inspection. You are <strong>notified and involved throughout<\/strong>, and invited to provide further information to the investigator to be shared with the Committee before it decides.<\/p>\r\n  <h2>The statement: co-operate, but with advice<\/h2>\r\n  <p>Two things must both be true. You should <strong>co-operate<\/strong> &mdash; obstructing or refusing to engage is itself a conduct problem. But what you tell the investigator <strong>becomes evidence<\/strong>, so you should give your statement <strong>with legal advice on its substance and tone<\/strong>. This is doubly important at CPhM because the College is entitled to <strong>contact you directly, sometimes without notifying your lawyer<\/strong>. Do not treat an informal call as harmless; keep your lawyer informed of every contact, and never guess at an answer to look co-operative.<\/p>\r\n  <h2>Medication errors: what the Committee actually weighs<\/h2>\r\n  <p>Most pharmacists&rsquo; matters arise from a <strong>dispensing or medication error<\/strong>, and CPhM is explicit about how it approaches them. The Complaints Committee is <strong>sensitive to the collateral effect an error has on the pharmacist<\/strong> &mdash; it knows registrants are often deeply affected &mdash; but it must balance that against protecting the public. It looks at the <strong>nature of the error, the contributing factors, the level of practice shown, and the pharmacist&rsquo;s accountability and self-reflection<\/strong>. That last factor is within your control, and it is precisely what your engagement and remediation demonstrate.<\/p>\r\n  <h2>What the Complaints Committee does with the findings<\/h2>\r\n  <p>On the investigator&rsquo;s findings the Committee applies its statutory options: <strong>dismiss<\/strong>, resolve informally, <strong>censure<\/strong> (remedial, must be accepted, and now potentially published under s.36(2)), <strong>impose conditions<\/strong> or <strong>suspend<\/strong>, accept a <strong>voluntary surrender<\/strong>, or <strong>refer to the Discipline Committee<\/strong>. Note two things. The Committee is <strong>not required to meet you<\/strong> before referring a matter to discipline. And even after taking another step, it may &mdash; with the sole exception of a censure &mdash; <strong>still refer the conduct to discipline later<\/strong>. Matters that are referred are typically serious or egregious.<\/p>\r\n  <h2>The Discipline Committee hearing<\/h2>\r\n  <p>The <strong>Discipline Committee<\/strong> is a separate committee under <strong>section 44<\/strong> (its members cannot also sit on the Complaints Committee), with public representation. If your matter is referred you receive a <strong>Notice of Hearing setting out the charges<\/strong>, served at least <strong>30 days<\/strong> before the hearing, which must begin within <strong>120 days<\/strong> of referral. The hearing is a formal legal proceeding &mdash; evidence, witnesses, experts and cross-examination.<\/p>\r\n  <p>Many matters resolve without a contested fight: your lawyer may negotiate with the Committee&rsquo;s lawyer to <strong>plead to some charges<\/strong>, drop others, and put a <strong>joint recommendation on penalty<\/strong> to the Committee. If it is contested, the Committee decides whether you committed <strong>professional misconduct, conduct unbecoming, or showed a lack of knowledge, skill or judgment or incapacity<\/strong>, on the <strong>balance of probabilities<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n  <h2>What discipline can cost<\/h2>\r\n  <p>If a finding is made, after a sentencing hearing the Discipline Committee can <strong>reprimand<\/strong> you, <strong>suspend or cancel<\/strong> your licence, require a <strong>course of study, a preceptor, or counselling or treatment<\/strong>, impose <strong>conditions<\/strong>, and order a <strong>fine and costs<\/strong>. The costs exposure is the part pharmacists underestimate: in one recent published CPhM case a pharmacist faced <strong>$150,000 in total penalties &mdash; a $20,000 fine and $130,000 toward investigation and hearing costs &mdash; plus a one-year suspension<\/strong>. <strong>Discipline decisions must be published<\/strong>, on the CPhM website and in its newsletter, and recorded on the public profile.<\/p>\r\n  <h2>Appeals &mdash; a two-step route<\/h2>\r\n  <p>Manitoba pharmacy appeals are distinctive. A Discipline Committee decision is <strong>first appealed to the Council of the College<\/strong>, which must decide within 90 days and can make any decision the committee could have. From there, an investigated person may <strong>appeal to the court<\/strong> &mdash; in practice the <strong>Manitoba Court of Appeal<\/strong> &mdash; within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of the Council&rsquo;s decision. Note that an appeal <strong>does not automatically stay<\/strong> the decision; you must apply for a stay. Use the months well &mdash; our <a href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/knowledge-support\/pharmacists\/manitoba\/remediation\/\">remediation guide<\/a> shows how.<\/p>\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"kt\">\r\n    <h2>Key takeaways<\/h2>\r\n    <ul>\r\n    <li>The Complaints Committee <strong>orders an investigation<\/strong>; a CPhM investigator gathers records and <strong>a statement from you<\/strong> &mdash; give it with legal advice.<\/li>\r\n    <li>CPhM may <strong>contact you directly, bypassing your lawyer<\/strong> &mdash; keep your lawyer informed of every contact.<\/li>\r\n    <li>For a medication error the Committee weighs your <strong>accountability and self-reflection<\/strong> &mdash; the factor within your control.<\/li>\r\n    <li>The <strong>Discipline Committee (s.44)<\/strong> holds a formal hearing: Notice of Hearing 30 days out, hearing within 120 days, decided on the <strong>balance of probabilities<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n    <li>Penalties reach the serious end: one published case saw a <strong>$20,000 fine, $130,000 costs and a one-year suspension<\/strong>. Discipline decisions <strong>must be published<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n    <li>Appeals run <strong>Discipline &rarr; Council (90 days) &rarr; the court (30 days)<\/strong>, and an appeal does not automatically stay the decision.<\/li>\r\n    <\/ul>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"courses\">\r\n    <h2>Related courses<\/h2>\r\n    <p>Structured CPD you can complete now and put in front of the committee as evidence of insight.<\/p>\r\n  <a class=\"card\" href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/courses\/dealing-with-a-complaint-or-investigation-professionally\/\"><b>Dealing with a Complaint or Investigation Professionally<\/b><span>Co-operating with an investigator without conceding what is not yours to concede.<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <a class=\"card\" href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/courses\/insight-for-fitness-to-practise\/\"><b>Insight for Fitness to Practise<\/b><span>The accountability and self-reflection CPhM weighs, and how to evidence it.<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <a class=\"card\" href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/courses\/probity-and-honesty-for-healthcare-professionals\/\"><b>Probity and Honesty for Healthcare Professionals<\/b><span>Why candour to the investigator can matter more than the original error.<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <a class=\"card\" href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/courses\/fitness-to-practise-for-healthcare-professionals\/\"><b>Fitness to Practise for Healthcare Professionals<\/b><span>How incapacity, competence and conduct are framed by a regulator.<\/span><\/a>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"nextset\">\r\n    <h2>Continue reading<\/h2>\r\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/how-to-respond-to-a-cphm-complaint\">How to respond to a CPhM complaint<\/a>\r\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/healthcareethicscourses.com\/can\/remediation-and-reflection-for-manitoba-pharmacists\">Remediation and reflection for Manitoba pharmacists<\/a>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"faq\">\r\n    <h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\r\n  <details>\r\n    <summary>Who carries out a CPhM investigation?<\/summary>\r\n    <p>A CPhM investigator assigned once the Complaints Committee orders an investigation. They contact you for a statement and gather the dispensing records, patient profile and pharmacy documentation. You are notified and involved throughout.<\/p>\r\n  <\/details>\r\n  <details>\r\n    <summary>Do I have to give the investigator a statement?<\/summary>\r\n    <p>You should co-operate &mdash; refusing to engage is itself a conduct problem &mdash; but what you say becomes evidence, so give your statement with legal advice on its substance and tone. Keep your lawyer informed, as CPhM may contact you directly.<\/p>\r\n  <\/details>\r\n  <details>\r\n    <summary>How does CPhM treat a medication error?<\/summary>\r\n    <p>It weighs the nature of the error, the contributing factors, the level of practice shown, and your accountability and self-reflection. The Committee is sensitive to the effect an error has on the pharmacist but must balance that against protecting the public.<\/p>\r\n  <\/details>\r\n  <details>\r\n    <summary>What happens at a Discipline Committee hearing?<\/summary>\r\n    <p>You receive a Notice of Hearing setting out the charges at least 30 days beforehand, and the hearing begins within 120 days of referral. It is a formal legal proceeding, and the Committee decides on the balance of probabilities. Many matters resolve by a negotiated plea and a joint penalty recommendation.<\/p>\r\n  <\/details>\r\n  <details>\r\n    <summary>How much can pharmacy discipline cost?<\/summary>\r\n    <p>Potentially a great deal. In one recent published CPhM case the pharmacist faced $150,000 in total penalties &mdash; a $20,000 fine and $130,000 in costs &mdash; and a one-year suspension. Discipline decisions must be published.<\/p>\r\n  <\/details>\r\n  <details>\r\n    <summary>How do I appeal a discipline decision?<\/summary>\r\n    <p>Manitoba uses a two-step route: first an appeal to the Council of the College, which must decide within 90 days, then an appeal to the court within 30 days of the Council&rsquo;s decision. An appeal does not automatically stay the decision &mdash; you must apply for a stay.<\/p>\r\n  <\/details>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <p class=\"disc\">This guide is general information about the College of Pharmacists of Manitoba (CPhM) and is not legal advice. Regulatory processes turn on their facts, and The Pharmaceutical Act, the Pharmaceutical Regulation and CPhM by-laws change. Take advice from a lawyer experienced in Manitoba pharmacy regulation before you respond to CPhM, and notify your professional liability insurer. Note that CPhM may contact you directly without going through your lawyer &mdash; keep your lawyer informed of every communication. Healthcare Ethics Courses is an independent CPD provider and is not affiliated with CPhM. 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It is a formal legal proceeding, and the Committee decides on the balance of probabilities. Many matters resolve by a negotiated plea and a joint penalty recommendation.\"\r\n          }\r\n        },\r\n        {\r\n          \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n          \"name\": \"How much can pharmacy discipline cost?\",\r\n          \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n            \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n            \"text\": \"Potentially a great deal. In one recent published CPhM case the pharmacist faced $150,000 in total penalties \u2014 a $20,000 fine and $130,000 in costs \u2014 and a one-year suspension. 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